Humic acids are complex organic molecules formed by the decomposition of plant and animal materials in soil. These substances are an important component of humus, the organic matter in soil that provides nutrients for plants and improves soil structure. Research in this area focuses on understanding the chemical composition, properties, and functions of humic acids in soil and water systems. Scientists are also investigating the potential use of humic acids as soil amendments, fertilizers, and water treatment agents in agriculture and environmental remediation. Additionally, studies are exploring the role of humic acids in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.